Manuka oil

Manuka oil is a potent essential oil derived from the leaves and small branches of the Leptospermum scoparium plant, native to New Zealand. Its high efficacy in skincare comes from its unique chemical composition, primarily rich in triketones, sesquiterpenes, and monoterpenes.

Triketones:

Leptospermone, Flavesone, and Iso-leptospermone are the most significant triketones found in manuka oil. Triketones are characterized by a three-carbonyl (C=O) functional group structure, which imparts potent antimicrobial properties. They are especially effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria and fungi, including Staphylococcus aureus (a common cause of skin infections) and Propionibacterium acnes (acne-causing bacteria).These compounds help to clear blemishes, reduce acne, and prevent bacterial skin infections. Triketones also contribute to anti-inflammatory effects, reducing swelling and redness in conditions like eczema and rosacea.

Monoterpenes:

α-Pinene, β-Pinene, Limonene, and Linalool are key monoterpenes present in manuka oil. Monoterpenes are a class of hydrocarbons made up of two isoprene units (C10H16), known for their aromatic qualities and therapeutic effects. These compounds have strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Monoterpenes protect the skin from environmental stressors by neutralizing free radicals. They also have a calming effect on irritated or sensitive skin, making manuka oil suitable for sensitive skin types.

Sesquiterpenes:

Calamenene and Caryophyllene are examples of sesquiterpenes found in manuka oil. Sesquiterpenes are larger molecules compared to monoterpenes, containing three isoprene units (C15H24). They exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and healing properties. Sesquiterpenes help to soothe inflamed skin, making manuka oil highly effective in treating inflammatory skin conditions like dermatitis and eczema. Their antimicrobial activity also supports wound healing and skin recovery.

The combination of high triketone content, along with monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, makes manuka oil incredibly potent. Its antimicrobial action targets harmful bacteria while its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties help heal and protect the skin. This trifecta of benefits makes manuka oil effective in treating acne, reducing inflammation, soothing irritated skin, and promoting overall skin health. Its ability to tackle multiple skin concerns simultaneously makes it a superior ingredient for skincare formulations, especially for acne-prone, sensitive, or damaged skin.

Scientific evidence 

Mathew, C., Tesfaye, W., Rasmussen, P., Peterson, G. M., Bartholomaeus, A., Sharma, M., & Thomas, J. (2020). Mānuka oil—A review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. Pharmaceuticals, 13(11), 343.

Kwon, O. S., Jung, S. H., & Yang, B. S. (2013). Topical administration of manuka oil prevents UV‐B irradiation‐induced cutaneous photoaging in mice. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013(1), 930857.